AZTREONAM AVIBACTAM
Background and Date of Approval
It was developed mainly to tackle hard-to-treat, multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections, especially when bacteria produce enzymes (beta-lactamases) that would normally break down many beta-lactam antibiotics. Avibactam helps protect aztreonam against several key beta-lactamases, thereby restoring activity against resistant organisms. European Union (EU): Marketing authorisation granted on 22 April 2024. United States (US FDA): Approved on 7 February 2025 for adult complicated intra-abdominal infections with limited or no treatment options, in combination with metronidazole.
Uses
Treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Management of complicated infections where beta-lactamase-producing organisms are suspected or confirmed.
Side Effects
Like all antibiotics, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them. Serious side effects (need urgent medical help) Severe allergic reactions: rash, facial swelling, wheezing, breathing difficulty. Severe or persistent diarrhoea, especially if watery or bloody (possible C. difficile). Significant liver enzyme elevations or symptoms of liver injury in susceptible patients. Common or clinically relevant side effects that may occur Gastrointestinal upset including diarrhoea. Infusion related reactions or rash in some patients.
Precautions
Kidney function monitoring: Dose changes are needed in renal impairment and when kidney function is changing. Regular monitoring is important. Tell your doctor about past beta-lactam allergy: Even if the reaction was years ago, it matters. Do not self-medicate: This is a hospital antibiotic. It must be used only under specialist supervision. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Use only if clearly advised by a specialist after risk-benefit assessment. Drug interactions and comorbidities: Share the full medication list and history (including liver disease, kidney disease, and prior antibiotic reactions) before starting therapy.
References
Al Musawa M, Bleick CR, Herbin SR, Caniff KE, Van Helden SR, Rybak MJ. Aztreonam-avibactam: The dynamic duo against multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens. Pharmacotherapy. 2024;44(12):927-938. doi:10.1002/phar.4629 Delp, H., Gibson, G. A., & Buckman, S. A. (2024). Aztreonam-avibactam for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 25(14), 1867â1872. https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2024.2409950 Wong DW. Practical Application of Aztreonam-Avibactam as a Treatment Strategy for Ambler Class B Metallo-β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024;13(8):766. Published 2024 Aug 14. doi:10.3390/antibiotics13080766
Frequently Asked Questions
Can AZTREONAM, AVIBACTAM.NMP for infusion can be used for viral infections?
No. This medicine is effective only against bacterial infections and does not work for viral illnesses.
Is dose adjustment required in kidney disease?
Yes. Patients with kidney impairment may require dose modification and close monitoring.
Can this medicine be used outside the hospital?
It is usually administered under medical supervision, often in hospital settings.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If a dose is missed, inform your healthcare provider immediately. Do not take extra doses without medical advice.
Can this medicine cause allergic reactions?
Yes. Patients with a history of beta lactam allergy should inform their doctor before starting treatment.