SEMAGLUTIDE

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used to regulate blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved semaglutide on December 5, 2017 for type 2 diabetes management. Subsequently, it received FDA approval for chronic weight management in patients with obesity or overweight conditions. In India, semaglutide is available as both an injection and tablet formulation under brand names including Rybelsus and Wegovy.

Semaglutide is used to improve blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes and aid in weight management in individuals with obesity or overweight.

Semaglutide is typically administered as a subcutaneous injection at a convenient time once a week, on the same day each week. The injection can be given in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. These medication pens come with clear instructions on how to load the needle, dial the dose, and administer the injection. After injecting, dispose of the needle safely in a sharps container. Regular monitoring and follow-up with your healthcare provider are important to assess your progress and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.

Semaglutide may cause side effects, including but not limited to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, headache, injection site reactions, and, in rare cases, more serious effects such as pancreatitis, thyroid tumors, kidney problems, and hypoglycemia

Semaglutide has been shown to cause thyroid C-cell tumors in animal studies. It may increase the risk of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas). Combined with other antidiabetic medications, this medication may increase the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). This medication may increase the risk of gallbladder-related events, such as cholelithiasis (gallstones) and acute inflammation. Some GLP-1 RAs, including semaglutide, have been associated with an increased heart rate.

Individuals with a history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2) should avoid its use. Prompt medical attention is advised for severe abdominal pain, neck swelling, difficulty swallowing, or signs of allergic reactions. Caution is required in individuals with renal impairment. Inform your healthcare provider if you experience palpitations or a rapid heart rate. Dosage adjustments may be necessary. Close monitoring and consultation with a healthcare provider are crucial to manage these risks effectively.

Inform your doctor about your medical history, particularly if you have experienced pancreatitis, thyroid disorders, kidney or liver disease, or gallbladder disease. Check your blood sugar levels regularly to prevent hypoglycaemia, especially if you are using other antidiabetic medications concurrently. Follow the prescribed dosage and injection schedule precisely, and use correct injection technique to reduce risks. Injections may cause skin reactions at the injection site. Alternate injection sites and maintain proper injection technique to minimise this risk. Inform your doctor immediately of any unusual symptoms, such as abdominal pain or skin reactions. Pregnant women and those who are breastfeeding must consult their doctor before using this medication. Monitor your general health status and any changes during semaglutide therapy, and keep all follow-up appointments recommended by your doctor.

Novo Nordisk Inc, FDA Food and Drug Safety Administration [September 20, 2019] [Accessed date 18th August 2023], https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/213051s000lbl.pdf Novo Nordisk Limited, EMC, [25 Jan 2023], [Accessed date 18th August 2023] https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/11507/pil