NITROGLYCERIN
Background and Date of Approval
The U.S. FDA approved Nitroglycerin on July 21, 2011, to treat heart-related conditions. Nitroglycerin belongs to the medication class known as nitrates which works by relaxing the muscles around blood vessels; it eases the heart's workload and relieves angina pain.
Uses
Nitroglycerin is used in various conditions, including heart failure and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). It is also effective in treating angina attacks and can help lower blood pressure during surgery. Additionally, it is used to control blood pressure during and after cardiac surgery, providing vital support to the heart.
How is it administered?
Nitroglycerin will be administered to you by a healthcare professional in a hospital setting. It is usually administered in a vein (intravenous). Your doctor will decide the dose, route of administration, and frequency based on your disease condition and other factors.
Side Effects
The most common side effects of Nitroglycerin are sleepiness, low blood pressure (hypotension), light-headedness, dizziness, drowsiness, and rapid heartbeat.
Warnings
Do not take this medicine if you are allergic to nitroglycerin or any other nitrates or if you are taking medication for erectile dysfunction such as sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil, or tadalafil. Combining Nitroglycerin with these medicines can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure, leading to collapse and even fatality. Avoid using this medicine if you are in shock or have severe anemia, low blood pressure, low blood volume, or low blood oxygen. It is also not recommended if you have certain heart conditions, fluid accumulation in the lung, or a history of head injuries or cerebral hemorrhage. Additionally, if you are using riociguat for treating pulmonary hypertension, avoid taking this.
Precautions
Before taking medicine, inform your doctor if you have certain heart conditions (acute left-sided heart failure, heart attack), liver or kidney problems, thyroid issues, hypothermia, or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. It is advised not to be used in children.
Word of Advice
Patients with liver, heart, and kidney conditions should take Nitroglycerin cautiously and inform the doctor about all the underlying medical conditions. Do not stop the medicine until your doctor advises. Do not double-dose the medicine to make up for a forgotten dose. Notify your doctor if you experience any serious side effects. Your medical professional will inform you if you need any dose adjustments. Contact your doctor for more information. Do not freeze the medicine. Do not store above 25°C. Always check the expiry date before consuming it.
References
Hameln Pharma Ltd, Electronic medicines compendium (emc), [Revised on April 2021] [ Accessed on 24th July 2023], https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.6296.pdf Baxter, US Food and Drug Administration, [Revised on Oct 2014] [ Accessed on 24th July 2023], https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/019970s015lbl.pdf Goodman & Gilmanâs, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Treatment of myocardial ischemia and hypertension, 12th edition, 2011, 753. KD Tripathi, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Antianginal and other anti-ischaemic drugs, 7th edition, 2013, 543.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use Nitroglycerin if Iâm pregnant?
Consult your medical professional regarding the use of Nitroglycerin during pregnancy. The potential benefits and risks should be carefully assessed. Your doctor will suggest taking this medicine only if it's necessary.
Can I take Nitroglycerin with medications for erectile dysfunction?
No, Nitroglycerin should not be taken with medicines for erectile dysfunction (e.g. Viagra) as it can cause a severe drop in blood pressure, leading to a medical emergency. Contact your doctor for more information.
Can I drink alcohol while using Nitroglycerin?
It is advisable to avoid alcohol while using Nitroglycerin, as it can cause a drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness or fainting.
What should I do if I have a bad reaction to nitroglycerin?
If you have a bad reaction to nitroglycerin, such as a severe headache, dizziness, or fainting, stop taking the medication and contact your doctor right away. Your doctor may reduce the next dose or prescribe any over counter medicine to manage the side effects.
What happens if I take nitroglycerin too often?
Taking nitroglycerin too often can lead to tolerance, where the medication becomes less effective over time. If you suspect you are using it excessively, consult your doctor for proper guidance.